main.c

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/*
Copyright (C) 1997-2001 Id Software, Inc.
 
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
 
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
 
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/
// r_main.c
 
#include "sw.h"
 
viddef_t    vid;
 
refcfg_t    r_config;
 
entity_t    r_worldentity;
 
refdef_t    r_newrefdef;
model_t     *currentmodel;
 
bsp_t       *r_worldmodel;
 
byte        r_warpbuffer[WARP_WIDTH * WARP_HEIGHT * VID_BYTES];
 
float       r_time1;
int         r_numallocatededges;
int         r_outofsurfaces;
int         r_outofedges;
 
qboolean    r_dowarp;
 
int         c_surf;
int         r_maxsurfsseen, r_maxedgesseen, r_cnumsurfs;
int         r_clipflags;
 
//
// view origin
//
vec3_t  vup, base_vup;
vec3_t  vpn, base_vpn;
vec3_t  vright, base_vright;
vec3_t  r_origin;
 
//
// screen size info
//
oldrefdef_t r_refdef;
 
cplane_t    screenedge[4];
 
//
// refresh flags
//
int     r_framecount = 1;   // so frame counts initialized to 0 don't match
int     r_visframecount;
int     r_polycount;
int     r_drawnpolycount;
int     r_wholepolycount;
 
int         *pfrustum_indexes[4];
int         r_frustum_indexes[4 * 6];
 
mleaf_t     *r_viewleaf;
int         r_viewcluster, r_oldviewcluster;
 
cvar_t  *sw_aliasstats;
cvar_t  *sw_clearcolor;
cvar_t  *sw_drawflat;
cvar_t  *sw_draworder;
cvar_t  *sw_maxedges;
cvar_t  *sw_maxsurfs;
cvar_t  *sw_reportedgeout;
cvar_t  *sw_reportsurfout;
cvar_t  *sw_surfcacheoverride;
cvar_t  *sw_waterwarp;
cvar_t  *sw_dynamic;
cvar_t  *sw_modulate;
cvar_t  *sw_lockpvs;
 
//Start Added by Lewey
// These flags allow you to turn SIRDS on and
// off from the console.
cvar_t  *sw_drawsird;
//End Added by Lewey
 
cvar_t  *r_drawworld;
cvar_t  *r_drawentities;
cvar_t  *r_fullbright;
cvar_t  *r_lerpmodels;
cvar_t  *r_novis;
 
cvar_t  *r_speeds;
 
cvar_t  *vid_gamma;
 
// all global and static refresh variables are collected in a contiguous block
// to avoid cache conflicts.
 
//-------------------------------------------------------
// global refresh variables
//-------------------------------------------------------
 
// FIXME: make into one big structure, like cl or sv
// FIXME: do separately for refresh engine and driver
 
float   d_sdivzstepu, d_tdivzstepu, d_zistepu;
float   d_sdivzstepv, d_tdivzstepv, d_zistepv;
float   d_sdivzorigin, d_tdivzorigin, d_ziorigin;
 
fixed16_t   sadjust, tadjust, bbextents, bbextentt;
 
pixel_t         *cacheblock;
int             cachewidth;
 
pixel_t     *d_viewbuffer;
int         d_screenrowbytes;
short       *d_pzbuffer;
int         d_zrowbytes;
int         d_zwidth;
byte        *d_spantable[MAXHEIGHT];
short       *d_zspantable[MAXHEIGHT];
 
int     sintable[CYCLE * 2];
int     intsintable[CYCLE * 2];
int     blanktable[CYCLE * 2];
 
/*
================
R_InitTurb
================
*/
void R_InitTurb(void)
{
    int     i;
 
    for (i = 0; i < CYCLE * 2; i++) {
        sintable[i] = AMP + sin(i * M_PI * 2 / CYCLE) * AMP;
        intsintable[i] = AMP2 + sin(i * M_PI * 2 / CYCLE) * AMP2; // AMP2, not 20
        blanktable[i] = 0;
    }
}
 
static void R_Register(void)
{
    sw_aliasstats = Cvar_Get("sw_polymodelstats", "0", 0);
    sw_clearcolor = Cvar_Get("sw_clearcolor", "2", 0);
    sw_drawflat = Cvar_Get("sw_drawflat", "0", CVAR_CHEAT);
    sw_draworder = Cvar_Get("sw_draworder", "0", CVAR_CHEAT);
    sw_maxedges = Cvar_Get("sw_maxedges", STRINGIFY(NUMSTACKEDGES), 0);
    sw_maxsurfs = Cvar_Get("sw_maxsurfs", STRINGIFY(NUMSTACKSURFACES), 0);
    sw_mipcap = Cvar_Get("sw_mipcap", "0", 0);
    sw_mipscale = Cvar_Get("sw_mipscale", "1", 0);
    sw_reportedgeout = Cvar_Get("sw_reportedgeout", "0", 0);
    sw_reportsurfout = Cvar_Get("sw_reportsurfout", "0", 0);
    sw_waterwarp = Cvar_Get("sw_waterwarp", "1", 0);
    sw_dynamic = Cvar_Get("sw_dynamic", "1", 0);
    sw_modulate = Cvar_Get("sw_modulate", "1", 0);
    sw_lockpvs = Cvar_Get("sw_lockpvs", "0", 0);
 
    //Start Added by Lewey
    sw_drawsird = Cvar_Get("sw_drawsird", "0", 0);
    //End Added by Lewey
 
    r_speeds = Cvar_Get("r_speeds", "0", 0);
    r_fullbright = Cvar_Get("r_fullbright", "0", CVAR_CHEAT);
    r_drawentities = Cvar_Get("r_drawentities", "1", 0);
    r_drawworld = Cvar_Get("r_drawworld", "1", CVAR_CHEAT);
    r_lerpmodels = Cvar_Get("r_lerpmodels", "1", 0);
    r_novis = Cvar_Get("r_novis", "0", 0);
 
    vid_gamma = Cvar_Get("vid_gamma", "1.0", CVAR_ARCHIVE | CVAR_FILES);
 
    Cmd_AddCommand("scdump", D_SCDump_f);
}
 
static void R_UnRegister(void)
{
    Cmd_RemoveCommand("scdump");
}
 
void R_ModeChanged(int width, int height, int flags, int rowbytes, void *pixels)
{
    vid.width = width > MAXWIDTH ? MAXWIDTH : width;
    vid.height = height > MAXHEIGHT ? MAXHEIGHT : height;
    vid.buffer = pixels;
    vid.rowbytes = rowbytes;
 
    if (width > MAXWIDTH)
        vid.buffer += (width - MAXWIDTH) * VID_BYTES / 2;
 
    if (height > MAXHEIGHT)
        vid.buffer += (height - MAXHEIGHT) * rowbytes / 2;
 
    r_config.width = vid.width;
    r_config.height = vid.height;
    r_config.flags = flags;
 
    R_SetClipRect(NULL);
 
    sw_surfcacheoverride = Cvar_Get("sw_surfcacheoverride", "0", 0);
 
    D_FlushCaches();
 
    if (d_pzbuffer) {
        Z_Free(d_pzbuffer);
        d_pzbuffer = NULL;
    }
 
    // free surface cache
    R_FreeCaches();
 
    d_pzbuffer = R_Mallocz(vid.width * vid.height * 2);
    d_zrowbytes = vid.width * 2;
    d_zwidth = vid.width;
 
    R_InitCaches();
}
 
/*
===============
R_Init
===============
*/
qboolean R_Init(qboolean total)
{
    Com_DPrintf("R_Init( %i )\n", total);
 
    if (!total) {
        R_InitImages();
        R_InitDraw();
        MOD_Init();
        return qtrue;
    }
 
    Com_DPrintf("ref_soft " VERSION ", " __DATE__ "\n");
 
    // create the window
    if (!VID_Init())
        return qfalse;
 
    R_Register();
 
    IMG_Init();
 
    MOD_Init();
 
    R_InitImages();
 
    R_InitSkyBox();
 
    view_clipplanes[0].leftedge = qtrue;
    view_clipplanes[1].rightedge = qtrue;
    view_clipplanes[1].leftedge =
    view_clipplanes[2].leftedge =
    view_clipplanes[3].leftedge = qfalse;
    view_clipplanes[0].rightedge =
    view_clipplanes[2].rightedge =
    view_clipplanes[3].rightedge = qfalse;
 
    R_InitTurb();
 
    return qtrue;
}
 
/*
===============
R_Shutdown
===============
*/
void R_Shutdown(qboolean total)
{
    Com_DPrintf("R_Shutdown( %i )\n", total);
 
    D_FlushCaches();
 
    MOD_Shutdown();
 
    R_ShutdownImages();
 
    if (auxsurfaces) {
        Z_Free(auxsurfaces);
        auxsurfaces = NULL;
    }
 
    if (auxedges) {
        Z_Free(auxedges);
        auxedges = NULL;
    }
 
    // free world model
    if (r_worldmodel) {
        BSP_Free(r_worldmodel);
        r_worldmodel = NULL;
    }
 
    if (!total) {
        return;
    }
 
    // free z buffer
    if (d_pzbuffer) {
        Z_Free(d_pzbuffer);
        d_pzbuffer = NULL;
    }
 
    // free surface cache
    R_FreeCaches();
 
    R_UnRegister();
 
    IMG_Shutdown();
 
    VID_Shutdown();
}
 
/*
===============
R_NewMap
===============
*/
void R_NewMap(void)
{
    r_viewcluster = -1;
 
    if (auxsurfaces) {
        Z_Free(auxsurfaces);
        auxsurfaces = NULL;
    }
 
    if (auxedges) {
        Z_Free(auxedges);
        auxedges = NULL;
    }
 
    r_cnumsurfs = Cvar_ClampInteger(sw_maxsurfs, MINSURFACES, MAXSURFACES);
 
    if (r_cnumsurfs > NUMSTACKSURFACES) {
        surfaces = auxsurfaces = R_Mallocz(r_cnumsurfs * sizeof(surf_t));
        surface_p = surfaces;
        surf_max = &surfaces[r_cnumsurfs];
        // surface 0 doesn't really exist; it's just a dummy because index 0
        // is used to indicate no edge attached to surface
        surfaces--;
    }
 
    r_maxedgesseen = 0;
    r_maxsurfsseen = 0;
 
    r_numallocatededges = Cvar_ClampInteger(sw_maxedges, MINEDGES, MAXEDGES);
 
    if (r_numallocatededges > NUMSTACKEDGES) {
        auxedges = R_Mallocz(r_numallocatededges * sizeof(edge_t));
    }
}
 
 
/*
===============
R_MarkLeaves
 
Mark the leaves and nodes that are in the PVS for the current
cluster
===============
*/
static void R_MarkLeaves(void)
{
    byte    vis[VIS_MAX_BYTES];
    mnode_t *node;
    int     i;
    mleaf_t *leaf;
    int     cluster;
 
    if (r_oldviewcluster == r_viewcluster && !r_novis->integer &&
        r_viewcluster != -1) {
        return;
    }
 
    // development aid to let you run around and see exactly where
    // the pvs ends
    if (sw_lockpvs->integer)
        return;
 
    r_visframecount++;
    r_oldviewcluster = r_viewcluster;
 
    if (r_novis->integer || r_viewcluster == -1 || !r_worldmodel->vis) {
        // mark everything
        for (i = 0; i < r_worldmodel->numleafs; i++)
            r_worldmodel->leafs[i].visframe = r_visframecount;
        for (i = 0; i < r_worldmodel->numnodes; i++)
            r_worldmodel->nodes[i].visframe = r_visframecount;
        return;
    }
 
    BSP_ClusterVis(r_worldmodel, vis, r_viewcluster, DVIS_PVS);
 
    for (i = 0, leaf = r_worldmodel->leafs; i < r_worldmodel->numleafs; i++, leaf++) {
        cluster = leaf->cluster;
        if (cluster == -1)
            continue;
        if (Q_IsBitSet(vis, cluster)) {
            node = (mnode_t *)leaf;
            do {
                if (node->visframe == r_visframecount)
                    break;
                node->visframe = r_visframecount;
                node = node->parent;
            } while (node);
        }
    }
 
}
 
/*
** R_DrawNullModel
**
** IMPLEMENT THIS!
*/
static void R_DrawNullModel(void)
{
}
 
static int R_DrawEntities(int translucent)
{
    int         i;
    qboolean    translucent_entities = 0;
 
    // all bmodels have already been drawn by the edge list
    for (i = 0; i < r_newrefdef.num_entities; i++) {
        currententity = &r_newrefdef.entities[i];
 
        if ((currententity->flags & RF_TRANSLUCENT) == translucent) {
            translucent_entities++;
            continue;
        }
 
        if (currententity->flags & RF_BEAM) {
            modelorg[0] = -r_origin[0];
            modelorg[1] = -r_origin[1];
            modelorg[2] = -r_origin[2];
            VectorCopy(vec3_origin, r_entorigin);
            R_DrawBeam(currententity);
        } else {
            if (currententity->model & 0x80000000) {
                continue;
            }
            currentmodel = MOD_ForHandle(currententity->model);
            if (!currentmodel) {
                R_DrawNullModel();
                continue;
            }
            VectorCopy(currententity->origin, r_entorigin);
            VectorSubtract(r_origin, r_entorigin, modelorg);
 
            switch (currentmodel->type) {
            case MOD_ALIAS:
                R_AliasDrawModel();
                break;
            case MOD_SPRITE:
                R_DrawSprite();
                break;
            case MOD_EMPTY:
                break;
            default:
                Com_Error(ERR_FATAL, "%s: bad model type", __func__);
            }
        }
    }
    return translucent_entities;
}
 
/*
=============
R_DrawEntitiesOnList
=============
*/
static void R_DrawEntitiesOnList(void)
{
    int         translucent_entities;
 
    if (!r_drawentities->integer)
        return;
 
    translucent_entities = R_DrawEntities(RF_TRANSLUCENT);
    if (translucent_entities) {
        R_DrawEntities(0);
    }
}
 
 
/*
=============
R_BmodelCheckBBox
=============
*/
static int R_BmodelCheckBBox(float *minmaxs)
{
    int         i, *pindex, clipflags;
    vec3_t      acceptpt, rejectpt;
    float       d;
 
    clipflags = 0;
 
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        // generate accept and reject points
        // FIXME: do with fast look-ups or integer tests based on the sign bit
        // of the floating point values
 
        pindex = pfrustum_indexes[i];
 
        rejectpt[0] = minmaxs[pindex[0]];
        rejectpt[1] = minmaxs[pindex[1]];
        rejectpt[2] = minmaxs[pindex[2]];
 
        d = DotProduct(rejectpt, view_clipplanes[i].normal);
        d -= view_clipplanes[i].dist;
 
        if (d <= 0)
            return BMODEL_FULLY_CLIPPED;
 
        acceptpt[0] = minmaxs[pindex[3 + 0]];
        acceptpt[1] = minmaxs[pindex[3 + 1]];
        acceptpt[2] = minmaxs[pindex[3 + 2]];
 
        d = DotProduct(acceptpt, view_clipplanes[i].normal);
        d -= view_clipplanes[i].dist;
 
        if (d <= 0)
            clipflags |= (1 << i);
    }
 
    return clipflags;
}
 
 
/*
===================
R_FindTopnode
 
Find the first node that splits the given box
===================
*/
static mnode_t *R_FindTopnode(vec3_t mins, vec3_t maxs)
{
    int         sides;
    mnode_t     *node;
 
    node = r_worldmodel->nodes;
 
    while (node->visframe == r_visframecount) {
        if (!node->plane) {
            if (((mleaf_t *)node)->contents != CONTENTS_SOLID)
                return node;    // we've reached a non-solid leaf, so it's
                                // visible and not BSP clipped
            return NULL;    // in solid, so not visible
        }
 
        sides = BoxOnPlaneSideFast(mins, maxs, node->plane);
 
        if (sides == BOX_INTERSECTS)
            return node;    // this is the splitter
 
        // not split yet; recurse down the contacted side
        if (sides & BOX_INFRONT)
            node = node->children[0];
        else
            node = node->children[1];
    }
 
    return NULL;        // not visible at all
}
 
 
/*
=============
RotatedBBox
 
Returns an axially aligned box that contains the input box at the given rotation
=============
*/
static void RotatedBBox(vec3_t mins, vec3_t maxs, vec3_t angles,
                        vec3_t tmins, vec3_t tmaxs)
{
    vec3_t  tmp, v;
    int     i, j;
    vec3_t  forward, right, up;
 
    if (!angles[0] && !angles[1] && !angles[2]) {
        VectorCopy(mins, tmins);
        VectorCopy(maxs, tmaxs);
        return;
    }
 
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        tmins[i] = 99999;
        tmaxs[i] = -99999;
    }
 
    AngleVectors(angles, forward, right, up);
 
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        if (i & 1)
            tmp[0] = mins[0];
        else
            tmp[0] = maxs[0];
 
        if (i & 2)
            tmp[1] = mins[1];
        else
            tmp[1] = maxs[1];
 
        if (i & 4)
            tmp[2] = mins[2];
        else
            tmp[2] = maxs[2];
 
 
        VectorScale(forward, tmp[0], v);
        VectorMA(v, -tmp[1], right, v);
        VectorMA(v, tmp[2], up, v);
 
        for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            if (v[j] < tmins[j])
                tmins[j] = v[j];
            if (v[j] > tmaxs[j])
                tmaxs[j] = v[j];
        }
    }
}
 
/*
=============
R_DrawBEntitiesOnList
=============
*/
static void R_DrawBEntitiesOnList(void)
{
    int         i, index, clipflags;
    vec3_t      oldorigin;
    vec3_t      mins, maxs;
    float       minmaxs[6];
    mnode_t     *topnode;
    mmodel_t    *model;
 
    if (!r_drawentities->integer)
        return;
 
    VectorCopy(modelorg, oldorigin);
    insubmodel = qtrue;
    r_dlightframecount = r_framecount;
 
    for (i = 0; i < r_newrefdef.num_entities; i++) {
        currententity = &r_newrefdef.entities[i];
        index = currententity->model;
        if (!(index & 0x80000000)) {
            continue;
        }
        index = ~index;
        if (index < 1 || index >= r_worldmodel->nummodels) {
            Com_Error(ERR_DROP, "%s: inline model %d out of range",
                      __func__, index);
        }
        model = &r_worldmodel->models[index];
        if (model->numfaces == 0)
            continue;   // clip brush only
        if (currententity->flags & RF_BEAM)
            continue;
        // see if the bounding box lets us trivially reject, also sets
        // trivial accept status
        RotatedBBox(model->mins, model->maxs,
                    currententity->angles, mins, maxs);
        VectorAdd(mins, currententity->origin, minmaxs);
        VectorAdd(maxs, currententity->origin, (minmaxs + 3));
 
        clipflags = R_BmodelCheckBBox(minmaxs);
        if (clipflags == BMODEL_FULLY_CLIPPED)
            continue;   // off the edge of the screen
 
        topnode = R_FindTopnode(minmaxs, minmaxs + 3);
        if (!topnode)
            continue;   // no part in a visible leaf
 
        VectorCopy(currententity->origin, r_entorigin);
        VectorSubtract(r_origin, r_entorigin, modelorg);
 
        // FIXME: stop transforming twice
        R_RotateBmodel();
 
        // calculate dynamic lighting for bmodel
        R_MarkLights(model->headnode);
 
        if (topnode->plane) {
            // not a leaf; has to be clipped to the world BSP
            r_clipflags = clipflags;
            R_DrawSolidClippedSubmodelPolygons(model, topnode);
        } else {
            // falls entirely in one leaf, so we just put all the
            // edges in the edge list and let 1/z sorting handle
            // drawing order
            R_DrawSubmodelPolygons(model, clipflags, topnode);
        }
 
        // put back world rotation and frustum clipping
        // FIXME: R_RotateBmodel should just work off base_vxx
        VectorCopy(base_vpn, vpn);
        VectorCopy(base_vup, vup);
        VectorCopy(base_vright, vright);
        VectorCopy(oldorigin, modelorg);
        R_TransformFrustum();
    }
 
    insubmodel = qfalse;
}
 
 
/*
================
R_EdgeDrawing
================
*/
static void R_EdgeDrawing(void)
{
    edge_t  ledges[NUMSTACKEDGES +
                   ((CACHE_SIZE - 1) / sizeof(edge_t)) + 1];
    surf_t  lsurfs[NUMSTACKSURFACES +
                   ((CACHE_SIZE - 1) / sizeof(surf_t)) + 1];
 
    if (r_newrefdef.rdflags & RDF_NOWORLDMODEL)
        return;
 
    if (auxedges) {
        r_edges = auxedges;
    } else {
        r_edges = (edge_t *)
                  (((uintptr_t)&ledges[0] + CACHE_SIZE - 1) & ~(CACHE_SIZE - 1));
    }
 
    if (!auxsurfaces) {
        surfaces = (surf_t *)
                   (((uintptr_t)&lsurfs[0] + CACHE_SIZE - 1) & ~(CACHE_SIZE - 1));
        surf_max = &surfaces[r_cnumsurfs];
        // surface 0 doesn't really exist; it's just a dummy because index 0
        // is used to indicate no edge attached to surface
        surfaces--;
    }
 
    R_BeginEdgeFrame();
 
    R_RenderWorld();
 
    R_DrawBEntitiesOnList();
 
    R_ScanEdges();
}
 
//=======================================================================
 
byte *IMG_ReadPixels(int *width, int *height, int *rowbytes)
{
    byte *pixels;
    byte *src, *dst;
    int x, y;
 
    pixels = FS_AllocTempMem(vid.width * vid.height * 3);
 
    src = vid.buffer + vid.rowbytes * (vid.height - 1);
    dst = pixels;
 
    for (y = 0; y < vid.height; y++, src -= vid.rowbytes) {
        for (x = 0; x < vid.width; x++) {
            dst[0] = src[x * VID_BYTES + 2];
            dst[1] = src[x * VID_BYTES + 1];
            dst[2] = src[x * VID_BYTES + 0];
            dst += 3;
        }
    }
 
    *width = vid.width;
    *height = vid.height;
    *rowbytes = vid.width * 3;
 
    return pixels;
}
 
//=======================================================================
 
/*
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
R_RenderFrame
 
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
*/
void R_RenderFrame(refdef_t *fd)
{
    r_newrefdef = *fd;
 
    if (!r_worldmodel && !(r_newrefdef.rdflags & RDF_NOWORLDMODEL))
        Com_Error(ERR_FATAL, "R_RenderView: NULL worldmodel");
 
    if (!sw_dynamic->integer)
        r_newrefdef.num_dlights = 0;
 
    if (r_speeds->integer)
        r_time1 = Sys_Milliseconds();
 
    R_SetupFrame();
 
    R_MarkLeaves();     // done here so we know if we're in water
 
    if (r_worldmodel)
        R_MarkLights(r_worldmodel->nodes);
 
    R_EdgeDrawing();
 
    R_DrawEntitiesOnList();
 
    R_DrawParticles();
 
    R_DrawAlphaSurfaces();
 
    //Start Replaced by Lewey
    if (sw_drawsird->integer && !(r_newrefdef.rdflags & RDF_NOWORLDMODEL)) {
        R_ApplySIRDAlgorithum();
    } else {
        //don't do warp if we are doing SIRD because the warp
        //would make the SIRD impossible to see.
        if (r_dowarp)
            D_WarpScreen();
    }
    //End Replaced by Lewey
 
    if (sw_aliasstats->integer)
        R_PrintAliasStats();
 
    if (r_speeds->integer)
        R_PrintTimes();
 
    if (sw_reportsurfout->integer && r_outofsurfaces)
        Com_Printf("Short %d surfaces\n", r_outofsurfaces);
 
    if (sw_reportedgeout->integer && r_outofedges)
        Com_Printf("Short roughly %d edges\n", r_outofedges * 2 / 3);
}
 
/*
** R_BeginFrame
*/
void R_BeginFrame(void)
{
    VID_BeginFrame();
}
 
void R_EndFrame(void)
{
    VID_EndFrame();
}
 
/*
** R_DrawBeam
*/
void R_DrawBeam(entity_t *e)
{
#define NUM_BEAM_SEGS 6
 
    color_t color;
    int i;
 
    vec3_t perpvec;
    vec3_t direction, normalized_direction;
    vec3_t start_points[NUM_BEAM_SEGS], end_points[NUM_BEAM_SEGS];
    vec3_t oldorigin, origin;
 
    oldorigin[0] = e->oldorigin[0];
    oldorigin[1] = e->oldorigin[1];
    oldorigin[2] = e->oldorigin[2];
 
    origin[0] = e->origin[0];
    origin[1] = e->origin[1];
    origin[2] = e->origin[2];
 
    normalized_direction[0] = direction[0] = oldorigin[0] - origin[0];
    normalized_direction[1] = direction[1] = oldorigin[1] - origin[1];
    normalized_direction[2] = direction[2] = oldorigin[2] - origin[2];
 
    if (VectorNormalize(normalized_direction) == 0)
        return;
 
    PerpendicularVector(perpvec, normalized_direction);
    VectorScale(perpvec, e->frame / 2, perpvec);
 
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_BEAM_SEGS; i++) {
        RotatePointAroundVector(start_points[i], normalized_direction,
                                perpvec, (360.0f / NUM_BEAM_SEGS) * i);
        VectorAdd(start_points[i], origin, start_points[i]);
        VectorAdd(start_points[i], direction, end_points[i]);
    }
 
    if (e->skinnum == -1)
        color.u32 = e->rgba.u32;
    else
        color.u32 = d_8to24table[e->skinnum & 0xFF];
 
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_BEAM_SEGS; i++) {
        R_IMFlatShadedQuad(start_points[i],
                           end_points[i],
                           end_points[(i + 1) % NUM_BEAM_SEGS],
                           start_points[(i + 1) % NUM_BEAM_SEGS],
                           color,
                           e->alpha);
    }
}
 
void R_AddDecal(decal_t *d) {}